Tag Archives: IAXN

22 Nov

My home network…

This is a common discussion topic when I tell friends in Indian network operators that I work from home. As soon as I say that, they ask me – “How good is the connectivity at your home?” And of course like all answers in engineering – it depends. 🙂

So I have two links at my home: IAXN and Siti broadband. IAXN is a FTTH connection with 50Mbps down and 25Mbps up, while Siti broadband is a DOCSIS connection with ~60Mbps down and 25Mbps up.

Both have reasonable but not 100% uptime. So to get close to 100% uptime, I use both together. These are consumer grade connections with no BGP. These days many routing platforms support running multiple WAN links for the redundancy reasons. I use Ubnt Edgerouter Lite which my good friend Nat Morris gifted me a while ago. Both links are defined in the “load balancing” where one link acts as primary and other for failover only with multiple routing tables. Next, policy based routing on the LAN VLAN sub-interface takes care of routing packets as needed. This documentation covers the setup in detail. For wifi I use a Asus device which runs purely as a access point in bridged mode with no routing.

Some other things in use at home network:

  • A Raspberry pi 3 stays on a dedicated VLAN & runs multiple site to site Wireguard VPN tunnels (over multiple WAN links) to multiple of my remote locations.
  • It also runs OSPF over FRR to ensure dynamic routing table changes whenever a link is changed. I can switch over traffic by defining the OSPF cost.
  • My server in Munich runs a NGIX proxy & apart from doing various tasks, it also hosts a test URL which does reverse proxy via Raspberry Pi at my home over Siti broadband (only). UptimeRobot monitors that URL for availability and that’s how I monitor my Siti broadband link which is without any public IP and totally behind the CGNAT.
  • Site to site VPNs over multiple links with OSPF taking care of dynamically moving traffic also takes care of things like SNMP monitoring of home devices. I use LibreNMS which is hosted remotely & keeps an eye on home network.
  • Raspberry Pi at home also runs Smokeping where certain predefined targets are moved forcefully out of each WAN link to plot latency. That helps in keeping eye on latency to ISP’s core, as well as upstream telco cores via each link.
  • I also host a node for Galmon project node to keep an eye on (American) GPS satellites, European, Chinese & Russian navigation satellites. The wonderful map here shows the receivers. Lately project is getting good coverage for it’s stats (reference here)
  • I run a DNS resolver at home (again on the raspberry pi)

While there’s auto switching in case of failure or packet loss beyond certain rate on the primary WAN link, I also have a ansible playbook which can be used to tweak the primary/secondary choice & the playbook is available via Semaphone web UI based interface so that my family can switch if they need to.

So the end result is close to 100% uptime (30 seconds outage if primary fails) as well with no irritating wifi switching as well as push notifications on my phone about an outage (via Uptime Robot) for both links. Usually there’s outage once in 30 days not because of WAN links but because I have shut things to clean up the dust.

05 Apr

Tata – Airtel domestic peering IRR filtering and OpenDNS latency!

Last month I noticed quite high latency with Cisco’s OpenDNS from my home fibre connection. The provider at home is IAXN (AS134316) which is peering with content folks in Delhi besides transit from Airtel. 

ping -c 5 208.67.222.222
PING 208.67.222.222 (208.67.222.222) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=103 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=103 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=103 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=4 ttl=51 time=103 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=5 ttl=51 time=103 ms


--- 208.67.222.222 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 103.377/103.593/103.992/0.418 ms

This is bit on the higher side as from Haryana to Mumbai (OpenDNS locations list here). My ISP is backhauling from Faridabad which is probably 6-8ms away from my city and 2-3ms further to Delhi and from there to Mumbai around 30ms. Thus latency should be around ~40-45ms.

Here’s how forward trace looked like

traceroute 208.67.222.222
traceroute to 208.67.222.222 (208.67.222.222), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1)  0.730 ms  0.692 ms  0.809 ms
 2  axntech-dynamic-218.140.201.103.axntechnologies.in (103.201.140.218)  4.904 ms  4.314 ms  4.731 ms
 3  10.10.26.1 (10.10.26.1)  6.000 ms  6.414 ms  6.326 ms
 4  10.10.26.9 (10.10.26.9)  6.836 ms  7.135 ms  7.047 ms
 5  nsg-static-77.249.75.182-airtel.com (182.75.249.77)  9.344 ms  9.416 ms  9.330 ms
 6  182.79.243.201 (182.79.243.201)  62.274 ms 182.79.177.69 (182.79.177.69)  66.874 ms 182.79.239.193 (182.79.239.193)  61.297 ms
 7  121.240.1.201 (121.240.1.201)  85.789 ms  82.250 ms  79.591 ms
 8  172.25.81.134 (172.25.81.134)  110.049 ms 172.31.29.245 (172.31.29.245)  114.350 ms  113.673 ms
 9  172.31.133.210 (172.31.133.210)  112.598 ms 172.19.138.86 (172.19.138.86)  114.889 ms 172.31.133.210 (172.31.133.210)  113.415 ms
10  115.110.234.50.static.mumbai.vsnl.net.in (115.110.234.50)  125.770 ms  125.056 ms  123.779 ms
11  resolver1.opendns.com (208.67.222.222)  113.648 ms  115.044 ms  106.066 ms

Forward trace looks fine except that latency jumps as soon as we hit Tata AS4755 backbone. OpenDNS connects with Tata AS4755 inside India and announces their anycast prefixes to them. If the forward trace is logically correct but has high latency, it often reflects the case of bad return path. Thus I requested friends at OpenDNS to share the return path towards me. As expected, it was via Tata AS6453 Singapore.

Here’s what Tata AS4755 Mumbai router had for IAXN prefix: 

BGP routing table entry for 14.102.188.0/22 
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table Default-IP-Routing-Table) 
Not advertised to any peer 
6453 9498 134316 134316 134316 134316 134316 134316 134316 134316 134316 134316 
192.168.203.194 from 192.168.199.193 (192.168.203.194) 
Origin IGP, localpref 62, valid, internal, best 
Community: 4755:44 4755:97 4755:888 4755:2000 4755:3000 4755:47552 6453:50 6453:3000 6453:3400 6453:3402 
Originator: 192.168.203.194, Cluster list: 192.168.199.193 192.168.194.15 
Last update: Mon Mar 25 15:26:36 2019

Thus what was happening is this:

Forward path: IAXN (AS134316) > Airtel (AS9498) > Tata (AS4755) > OpenDNS (AS36692)

Return path: OpenDNS (AS36692) > Tata (AS4755) > Tata (AS6453) > Airtel (AS9498) > IAXN (AS134316)

While this may seem like a Tata – Airtel routing issue but it wasn’t. I could see some of the prefixes with a direct path as well. Here’s a trace from Tata AS4755 Mumbai PoP to an IP from a different pool of IAXN: 

traceroute to 103.87.46.1 (103.87.46.1), 15 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 * * *
2 172.31.170.210 (172.31.170.210) 0.911 ms 0.968 ms 0.643 ms
3 172.23.78.233 (172.23.78.233) 1.233 ms 0.821 ms 0.810 ms
4 172.17.125.249 (172.17.125.249) 23.540 ms 23.454 ms 23.367 ms
5 115.110.232.174.static.Delhi.vsnl.net.in (115.110.232.174) 49.175 ms 48.832 ms 49.107 ms
6 182.79.153.87 (182.79.153.87) 48.777 ms 182.79.153.83 (182.79.153.83) 49.043 ms 182.79.177.127 (182.79.177.127) 54.879 ms
7 103.87.46.1 (103.87.46.1) 60.865 ms 60.540 ms 60.644 ms

This clearly was fine. So why Tata was treating 103.87.46.0/24 different from 14.102.188.0/22? The reason for that lies in following:

  • Airtel (AS9498) very likely peers with Tata (AS4755). They do interconnect for sure as we see in traceroutes and my understanding is that it’s based on settlement-free peering for Indian traffic.
  • Airtel (AS9498) buys IP transit from Tata (AS6453) (besides a few others). Tata AS6453 is carrying the routing announcements to other networks in the transit free zone and that confirms that Airtel (at least technically) has a downstream customer relationship here.
  • Tata (AS4755) has IRR based filters on peering but not the Tata (AS6453) for it’s downstream. Hence while Tata rejected the route in India, they did accept that in Singapore PoP.
  • My IP was from prefix 14.102.188.0/22 and there was no valid route object for it at any of key IRRs like ATLDB, APNIC or RADB. But other prefix 103.87.46.0/24 did had a valid route object on APNIC.

Now after almost 10 days of it, my ISP has changed the BGP announcement and announcing 14.102.189.0/24 (which does a valid route object on APNIC). This fixes the routing problem and give me pretty decent latency with OpenDNS: 

ping -c 5 208.67.222.222
PING 208.67.222.222 (208.67.222.222): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=0 ttl=55 time=52.552 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=53.835 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=53.330 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=52.700 ms
64 bytes from 208.67.222.222: icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=52.504 ms

--- 208.67.222.222 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 52.504/52.984/53.835/0.518 ms

So if you are a network operator and originating prefixes, please do document them in any of the IRRs. You can do that via IRR of your RIR (APNIC, ARIN etc) or a free IRR like ALTDB. If you have downstreams, make sure to create AS SET, add downstreams ASNs in your AS SET and also include that AS SET on peeringdb for the world to see!

Misc Notes

  • Posted strictly in my personal capacity and has nothing to do with my employrer.
  • Thanks for folks from Cisco/OpenDNS for quick replies with relevant data which helped in troubleshooting. 🙂